Perpetual War; Perpetual Profits

The relentless corporate quest for money and power

PART I: Flashback

William Tecumseh Sherman, the Union army general who coined the phrase “War is hell” got it right. Cu Chi, Vietnam during the Tet Offensive in what Stars and Stripes newspaper called America’s first Rock and Roll war, was about as close to the experience of Hell as I’ve ever imagined it. After the initial mortar and rocket attacks launched by the Vietcong on the night of January 31, 1968, and in the months that followed, fear and dread permeated the atmosphere like a toxic gas filling a room. About a week before Memorial Day 2019, memories of that time came rushing back to mind when I received a letter from Jim Hume, a flight operations NCO I served with in the 242nd Assault Support Helicopter Company in Vietnam. Was I the Stewart Whisenant he had known over fifty years ago, Hume wondered, a query that started a lengthy correspondence.

After we exchanged a few emails, he sent a manuscript he had written about his army experiences entitled Behind the Wire, along with Brushstrokes, a volume of his published poetry. Well written, richly detailed, Hume’s literary offerings turned out to be a Pandora’s Box of traumatic experiences I thought I’d unpacked when I came home from Vietnam in the summer of 1968 and put away for good. According to Greek mythology, Pandora opened a container left in her care containing sickness, death and many other evils which were released into the world when she opened it. Such was the effect of Hume’s writings, a nightmarish flashback sparked by his vivid description of the ancient Vietnamese graveyard we passed through on our way to the perimeter guard bunkers at Cu Chi.

“The tombs were all above ground and in poor condition, “Hume remembered. “I didn’t think too much about omens—we were too busy watching out for Cobras. Not far from the cemetery a couple of GIs were burning shit. Each latrine had cut-down fifty-five gallon drums inserted under the seats of honor. Every day or so, whoever had incurred the wrath of the First Sergeant was given shit-burning detail. The containers were dragged a few feet away from the latrines and diesel fuel was added. Then the mixture was torched off. Black clouds of burning shit and the sound of helicopter-rotor blades are universal memories for Vietnam vets.”

Another “universal” memory Hume noted was the relentless heat. “Daytime Vietnam was sultry,” he wrote. “At night it was hot and sweaty. The only nice thing about nighttime was the absence of tropical sun boiling your brains.” Hume also mentioned the culture shock of rice paddies fertilized with human feces, the stench of garbage-strewn streets in Bien Hoa and Saigon, the crush of people and vehicles moving through a fog of exhaust fumes and the eerie experience of feeling like a target whenever we traveled from our temporary quarters in Bien Hoa to the airfield. Other dangers also lurked in the background, including the threat posed by the American war machine with its deadly chemical defoliant Agent Orange. According to the U.S. Agency for International Development, “Bien Hoa Air Base was the primary Agent Orange storage and handling site during the U.S.-Vietnam War and is the largest remaining dioxin hotspot in Vietnam. In 2016, USAID conducted an assessment at Bien Hoa and identified nearly 500,000 cubic meters of dioxin contaminated soil in need of clean-up.”

Hume’s richly detailed account woke up all the sleeping goblins of war in my memory like an alarm clock that wouldn’t stop ringing, accompanied by menacing images of the aforementioned deadly Asian King Cobras, the world’s longest venomous snakes that infested the terrain around our airfield and hooches at Cu Chi. The medics warned us that bites from cobras could be fatal in less than 30 minutes. The cobras were almost as ubiquitous as the black rats, some as big as a small dog. It was all there in Hume’s narrative, his personal memorial to the loneliness and longing for home and loved ones heightened by war: the stress of constant rocket and mortar attacks during the Tet Offensive; the sadness and grief when friends were killed or wounded; the frustration caused by the dysfunctional leadership of incompetent officers and NCOs, the enraging mendacity of politicians in Washington, and the relentless internecine conflicts within the ranks that sometimes led to shootings, fraggings and suicides. Despite differing details in some of our experiences, my old friend’s story was my story too, slithering along under the surface of everyday consciousness like a hissing cobra.

Hume also documented some of the significant *SNAFUs we witnessed, such as the time an Air Force jet caught fire and crashed into the battalion mess hall and a really stupid incident involving an over zealous maintenance officer we called Captain Mechanic, who insisted on firing up a Chinook engine before a tech inspector could look it over. “There appeared to be a bolt lying loose in the air intake,” Hume noted, “and it was sucked clear through engine. Bingo, one brand new engine completely ruined.” He also recalled the argument that erupted during a card game that ended tragically in a shooting and big snafu a few weeks later when a brigade from the 101st Airborne Division arrived in country for an acclimation period with our company before launching regular combat operations. One of the unit’s mortar squads practicing on our perimeter nearly shot down two of our helicopters. *(SNAFU is a military acronym for the sarcastic expression, Situation Normal, All Fucked Up!)

Another classic Snafu is the Buffalo story. “One of our Chinooks lifted out of a village with a dozen Vietnamese and their belongings,” Hume writes. “One of those belongings was a water buffalo weighing in at maybe 1200 pounds and much to the consternation of the pilots and crew, the animal kept swinging his head back and forth and turning around in flight, apparently searching for a way out through the opening in the back of the aircraft. People moving around in a Chinook causes changes in the center of gravity…A water buffalo walking towards the back of the helicopter causes an aft CG condition which gets a lot worse with every step. The pilots were screaming some decidedly abusive phrases into the intercom as they struggled to keep the ship flying. Meanwhile, the water buffalo walked in a determined fashion toward the rear opening…and stepped…out, not expecting the ground level to be 3,500 feet below…The crew chief said the really sad thing about the incident, after everyone recovered from the fright, was the woeful look on the face of the farmer who owned the buffalo. ‘Geez, he said, ‘It was like seeing his tractor, farm truck, bank account and central heating system disappear just like that.’”

Shortly after the buffalo fiasco, Hume was transferred to another unit and missed the deadly rocket attacks that killed Tommy Delaihe and Terry Gilbertson during the most infamous SNAFU of all, the Tet Offensive. He also missed the explosion that badly burned Ronnie Chanski and Grubby Acheson, their bodies aflame as they ran screaming into the darkness as a stash of C-4 explosive ignited one night in the mortar emplacement they were manning. In the following months, the VC unleashed a series of attacks over several nights, including the disastrous Sap Song offensive just before the monsoons set in when sappers penetrated the perimeter, blew up several aircraft, and sent another American home in a body bag.

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PART II: Kill Everything That Moves

In his indispensable book, War Is A Force That Gives Us Meaning, former war correspondent Chris Hedges quotes historian Will Durant’s calculation that there have “only been twenty-nine years in all of human history during which a war was not underway somewhere,” making the case that the neoliberal imperative of perpetual war now bankrupting the American empire is nothing new. “The prospect of war is exciting,” writes Hedges. “Many young men, schooled in the notion that war is the ultimate definition of manhood, that only in war will they be tested and proven, that they can discover their worth as human beings in battle, willingly join the great enterprise.”

But as Hedges also makes clear, the glory of war is a bitter fiction. “The violence of war is random,” he writes. “It does not make sense. And many of those who struggle with loss also struggle with the knowledge that the loss was futile and unnecessary. This leaves psychological wounds among survivors as well as veterans. Many of the soldiers who fought in Vietnam must grapple with the realization that there was no higher purpose to the war, that the sacrifice was a waste. It was easier to believe the myth that makes such loss noble and necessary, despite the glaring contradictions.” Hedges also points out how “war exposes the capacity for evil that lurks not far below the surface within all of us. And that is why war is so hard to discuss once it is over.”

By exposing the lies and illusions of war, great journalists like Hedges can help make the aftermath easier for veterans and even facilitate the process of healing. In Vietnam, Time magazine photojournalist Tim Page and his colleagues, freelance photographer Sean Flynn, photojournalist-at-large Larry Burrows at Life magazine, and writer/reporter extraordinaire Michael Herr at Esquire, covered the war with a sharp focus on the truth that’s rarely the case in the corrupt media establishment that dominates the news business today. Tim Page’s pictures are especially deeply moving images infused with a clarity of perception and profound unity with the subject that have a way of revealing the reality of the tragedy in process within the context of the bigger picture that’s missing from a combatant’s limited perspective. “Chopper Blitzkrieg,” Page’s famous shot of a Cobra Gunship pilot, his helmet plastered with stickers that read: “Bomb Saigon Now; Bomb Hanoi Now; Bomb Disneyland Now; Bomb Everything,” summed up the whole gruesome, insane fiasco in a single image. Page’s pictures also exposed the tragedy of the Vietnam war in its most horrific details and nothing was ever slanted to mislead the public. That also holds true for the work of Larry Burrows, the great Life magazine photographer who was killed in Laos in 1971. Both Burrows and Page succeeded in exposing truths about the war that weren’t officially acknowledged until long after hostilities ceased.

Legendary British photojournalist Tim Page who famously said, “Every good war picture becomes an anti-war picture.” (Le Monde photo)

Thanks to journalists of integrity like Page, the public also learned that Vietnam was the setting for chemical warfare on an unprecedented scale. The Pentagon called the most deadly weapon in its biological arsenal the “secret agent,” but before the war was over, the secret was out and Agent Orange’s lethal effects were well publicized. Agent Orange, so called because of the orange around the 50-gallon drums it was transported in, was applied in Vietnam at 20-times the dosage recommended by the manufacturer, Dow Chemical. The Army maintained with cavalier assurance that it was non-toxic to man and beast; the troops had nothing to fear, the Pentagon said, so the Air Force sprayed it all across South Vietnam to kill trees and shrubs that provided concealment to the enemy. The motto of the units that carried out the first defoliation missions was: “We Prevent Forests,” and they did, with a vengeance. Over eleven million gallons of Agent Orange got dumped in country between 1962 and 1971, transforming Vietnam into the most extensive Dioxin site in the world.

Scientists still don’t understand exactly how the defoliant works, but according to Dr. Matthew Meselson, professor of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology at Harvard University, “Root growth becomes unbalanced and cells that shouldn’t divide do.” This malignant effect is attributed to the Dioxin contained in the herbicide, a deadly carcinogen with long-lasting consequences. For growing numbers of American veterans and a million or more Vietnamese suffering from health issues associated with the defoliant, Agent Orange has proven to be what Dr. Meselson called “the most toxic molecule ever synthesized by man.”

With John Kennedy’s New Frontier and Lyndon Johnson’s Great Society, Americans were promised an equal opportunity to grow and prosper, but we got the waste and carnage of Vietnam instead. We now know that the betrayal was sparked with the lie about the Vietcong attacks in the Gulf of Tonkin, a ruse that marked the rise of the corporate culture of death created by neoliberal war profiteers to enhance their wealth and consolidate power against the weakened forces of liberal democracy. NSA documents declassified in 2005 revealed that the second Gulf of Tonkin incident, which government warmongers used to justify the war, never even happened. “For all I know,” LBJ said at the time, “our navy was there shooting whales.”

Nearly fifty years after the Paris Peace Accords officially ended the war in Vietnam, the Obama administration launched a propaganda campaign in an attempt to erase the stain of the event from the public consciousness, a revisionist exercise which, as Chris Hedges reminds us, is what empires always do. “Historical memory is hijacked by those who carry out the war,” he points out in War is a Force That Gives Us Meaning. “They seek, when memory challenges the myth, to obliterate or hide the evidence that exposes the myth as a lie.” But in the minds of those who served in Vietnam and survived, such efforts are in vain. As Dispatches author Michael Herr explained in an interview, the legacy of the war in Vietnam isn’t mutable. After praising Graham Green’s classic about Vietnam, The Quiet American, Herr said, “The only thing that it stops short of foreseeing is the horrible karmic wash that Vietnam left behind. ‘Karma’ is not a word that you hear applied to the Vietnam war, and yet it would be difficult to find a more accurate and concrete word for what it really is that left America so dispirited and frightened and violent and divided—to say nothing of Southeast Asia and the suffering that we stirred up there and then walked out of, or so we thought, because we can’t shake it. I do feel that Vietnam—however it’s being dealt with in America—is still the single prevailing fact of American life. All of our present anguish comes in the wake of the Vietnam war; it is the accumulations of the Vietnam war.”

Included among those accumulations is the shock of investigative journalist Nick Turse’s recent revelations about the systematic nature of the U.S. military war machine documented in his book Kill Anything That Moves. Turse makes it clear that the murderous assaults committed by U.S. troops against Vietnamese civilians were not limited to aberrant incidents such as the My Lai massacre or other isolated actions by a few “bad apples” as authorities claimed. The deliberate, systematic rape, torture and killing of civilians was in Turse’s words, “a daily fact of life throughout the years of the American presence in Vietnam.” The plethora of such actions documented by Turse, which would be classified as war crimes under the Nuremberg protocols, were “the inevitable outcome of deliberate policies, dictated at the highest level of the military,” he writes. These policies, measured for their effect in terms of “body counts” comprised a “system of suffering” designed by the Pentagon to fulfill then Commander-in-Chief Lyndon Johnson’s mandate to “nail the coonskin to the wall.” Turse points out that in the American military’s zeal to accomplish the mission, the number of Vietnamese bodies counted, according to an official 1995 Vietnamese government estimate, amounted to “more than three million deaths in total—including two million civilian deaths.” Conservative estimates of the number of Vietnamese wounded exceeded five million.

PART III: CITIZENS UNITED: “Bribing the public with the public’s money.”

Senator Hiram Warren Johnson famously said in 1918, “The first casualty when war comes is truth.” Such was the case with the war in Vietnam from beginning to end. As Pulitzer Prize winning journalist Richard Aregood notes in a South Florida Sun Sentinel opinion piece, “The politicians lied. The generals lied. Both lied to keep their jobs, not for any nobler reason. Others lied to make a bloodstained buck. War can be very profitable, for those who provide the makings and for those self-dealing crooks we backed in the despised and corrupt South Vietnamese government.” A few individuals of integrity in Congress dared to challenge the lies manufactured by the propaganda mills of the dishonorable Washington establishment, but to no avail. One prescient voice was Senator George McGovern’s (D-SD) who stated on April 25, 1967, “We seem bent upon saving the Vietnamese from Ho Chi Minh, even if we have to kill them and demolish their country to do it. I do not intend to remain silent in the face of what I regard as a policy of madness which, sooner or later, will envelop my son and American youth by the millions for years to come.”

The madness continued as McGovern predicted and enveloped us all, a predicament that brings to mind Alexis de Tocqueville’s prophecy from Democracy in America: “The American Republic will endure until the day Congress discovers that it can bribe the public with the public’s money…When a nation has reached this point it must either change its laws and mores or perish, for the well of public virtue has run dry; in such a place one no longer finds citizens, but only subjects.” That’s where we are now. The egregious corruption, polarization, and gross inequality that defines national politics in this country has brought us to the brink of tyranny and We, the People, who have been reduced from a status as citizens to corporate serfs in a net of feudal economics, must rise up and speak truth to power or else lose the precious Republic that Benjamin Franklin challenged us to keep.

“We’ve reached the point in the United States where corporatism has nearly triumphed over democracy,” writes Thom Hartmann in his February 27, 2024 Substack report:

As we watch corporations pour increasingly large amounts of money into politics, it’s a good time to reevaluate their role in the governance of society. At the top of that list is the doctrine created out of whole cloth by the US Supreme Court in the late 19th century called “‘Corporate Personhood.” It has become one of the most destructive forces in American politics…Granting personhood to corporations is an absolute perversion of the principle cited in the Declaration of Independence, which explicitly states that the government of the United States was created by people and for people, and operates only by consent of the people whom it governs. The Declaration states this in unambiguous terms:

“We hold these truth to be self-evident, the all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed.”

“A vibrant democracy requires a full airing of all points of view,” said Senator Bernie Sanders (I-VT) during the Iraq war. “Increasingly this not the case. With few exceptions, the mass media now presents to the American people the perspective of the wealthy and powerful while largely ignoring the needs of the middle class, working families and the poor.” Sander’s words speak truth to the powerful cabal of corrupt neoliberal elites who have usurped the law of the land and pursued imperialist visions of global empire and perpetual war at the expense of the people. Sane voices like Sander’s remind us that America has a rich tradition of political activism enabling citizens to challenge the status quo. Since the revolutionary times of Thomas Jefferson and Tom Paine, America has been a nation of grass roots, progressive movements that have kept the heart of democracy beating. As the great activist Howard Zinn once said, ‘It is the citizenry, rather than the government that is the ultimate source of power and the locomotive that pulls the train of government in the direction of equality and justice.”

But with a government now in place that serves corporate oligarchs and war mongers instead of the people, “The whiff of Weimar” is in the air again, as Gore Vidal said during the Iraq war. The kleptocracy now assembled in Washington is the antithesis of the Jeffersonian ideal; it manifests in every action its favor of corporate control, benefits for the wealthy and its indifference to the public good. Quoting Byung-Chul Han, professor Henry Giroux notes that the “signature affliction of our age is an unprecedented corporate takeover of the US government and the reemergence of elements of totalitarianism in new forms, driven by what Thomas Jefferson viewed as ‘the selfish spirit of commerce that knows no country and feels no passion or principle but that of gain.’” The late Gore Vidal, writing in Book Week, November 3, 1963, described the consequences for the Republic. “In public services, we lag behind all the industrialized nations of the West,” he wrote, “preferring that the public money go not to people, but to big business. The result is a unique society in which we have free enterprise for the poor and socialism for the rich.”

In order to resurrect our democracy under such circumstances, we must take to the streets as we did during the war in Vietnam and remind the powers that be that their crusade to silence the voices of the people is doomed to fail. In order to preserve what’s left of our democracy and the US Constitution that millions of veterans swore a sacred oath to protect and defend, we must rise up as a united people, demand and forge a fundamental realignment in terms of America’s moral and political direction, restore our ruined civic realm and speak truth to these malignant usurpers of power before it’s too late. What Thomas Jefferson said way back in 1816 applies even more today. “I hope we shall crush in its birth the aristocracy of our moneyed corporations, which dare already to challenge our government to a trial of strength and bid defiance to the laws of our country.”

“Such a struggle will not be easy and will not come through momentary demonstrations, or through elections,” writes Henry Giroux. “What is needed is a massive, unified movement that takes as its major weapon the general strike, using it to shut down the fascist state in all of its registers. Only then can power be used to rethink and restructure American society through forms of collective power, in which democracy and its radical ideals of liberty, freedom and equality can breathe once again.”

The neoliberal oligarchy that hijacked American democracy to pursue the futile wars of empire is in any case, doomed. As Lewis Lapham points out, “Oligarchies bear an unhappy resemblance to cheese, and over time even the best of them turn rancid.” It is essential in a democracy for the people to express their will and if that can’t be accomplished through existing processes of government, then civil disobedience is necessary. Howard Zinn called such acts of dissent “fugitive moments of compassion” that peacefully challenge the status quo and enable citizens to release pent-up indignation over unjust and oppressive government policies. One of the great challenges of our time, Zinn believed, is to achieve social justice through non-violent protest instead of war. “Class struggle defines most of human history,” wrote Chris Hedges in his October 21, 2013 Truthdig column. “Marx got this right. The sooner we realize that we are locked in deadly warfare with our ruling elites, the sooner we will realize that these elites must be overthrown.The corporate oligarchs have now seized all institutional systems of power in the United States. Electoral politics, internal security, the judiciary, our universities, the arts and finance, along with nearly all forms of communication are in corporate hands. Our democracy, with faux debates between two corporate parties, is meaningless political theatre. There is no way within the system to defy the demands of Wall Street, the fossil fuel industry or war profiteers. The only route left to us, as Aristotle knew, is revolt.”

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